RF section
This is the Radio frequency transmit and receive section. This section converts all RF signals for baseband and from baseband to RF section. Rx = Receive; Tx = Transmit.
Ananlog Baseband/Voiceband CODEC
This is the Coder/Decoder section. It digitalizes signals for the DSP and analogizes signals for RF.
Power managemant / DC-DC
This section regulates and supplies all other sections of the mobile pohne. DC means Direct current.
DSP/Microprocessor
This is the main processing unit of the Mobile Phone. ARM based processors are the most commonly used ones. DSP mean Digital Signal Processor.
Flash / ROM, SRAM
This is a type of Permanent Memory to store Operating System and phones/users specific data.